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contemporary issues in management accounting pdf

2021-01-12 10:01:56 作者: 所属分类:新闻中心 阅读:0 评论:0

are undergoing a large variety of rapid changes in an increasingly competitive context. 11 Such as Alexander, Aeneas Tacticus, Julius Caesar, Onosander, Aelian, Frontinus, Machiavelli, Maurice of Nassau, Frederick the Great, Napoleon, von Clausewitz, Bismarck, Moltke, Mahan, and so on. Taking a human capital perspective, people are allocated to projects and teams following allocation criteria that tend to be based not on resource consumption, but on competence contribution. Then, however, the ABC methods become too complex to be understood, believed in, and willingly and conWdently used by the improvement team. The space between the Wrm and the supplier is information-rich; otherwise it would not be possible to make the relationship work. Each product they sell must always be ‘new’ in some way if the creative industries are to retain and grow their customer base. Hartmann, G. H. (2000). Others try to succeed without formal training by moving to Hollywood and hoping to be discovered. Harris, M. and Raviv, A. (Source: Adapted from Reich 2005) ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING 391 be applied to the results of an LCA, aggregating the results. Finally, environmental and social aspects must be integrated according to their strategic relevance, including additional non-market perspectives. ‘Signs of Sustainability: Measuring Corporate Environmental and Social Performance’, in M. Bennett and P. James (eds. But the reasons advanced by Johnson and Kaplan for this lack of relevance and their analysis of how management accounting could be made more relevant were greeted with some scepticism by management accounting researchers in the UK. Early examples that identified configurations of context and associated control systems were Bruns and Waterhouse (1975) and Merchant (1981). Flamholtz, E. G. (1983). Most of the beneWts to Komatsu from its new relationship with Toyo were from the improved design capabilities of the dyadic pair. The new threats posed by international terrorism and ‘weapons of mass destruction’ have recently prompted responses of a kind that would have been understood by Mahan. (1989). These papers provided an informed picture of management accounting practices, but often failed to theorize them. (Till 1982: 30)31 ACCOUNTING AND STRATEGY 181 We have suggested how the disciplinary practices at Thayer’s West Point engendered a new power–knowledge regime, which would invent strategy and structure for the complexity of modern business and military development. —— —— (1991). In many cases it seems intuitively obvious that our ambition should be to maximize aspects of performance, such as customer satisfaction for example. A case in point is the entrepreneur Stelios Haji-Ioannou and his Easy Group executives who have been said to ‘obsess about managing yield’ (Kirkpatrick 2003b: 76) and to consider the maximization of asset utilization and returns as ‘a never-ending battle of Wne-tuning’ (Haji-Ioannou, cited in Kirkpatrick 2003b). Examines and introduces key and emerging topics in Management Accounting; Focusses on conceptual and practice-based insights; Contributions from some of the most distinguished scholars in the area Also of Interest. Principles of management 1. Berry et al. CHC cannot possibly cut operating expenses enough, since the ten-year NPV is negative with even zero operating expenses. In so far as government is a congenitally failing activity, but also an eternally optimistic one, MODERNIZING GOVERNMENT 201 which presumes that social life and the networks through which it is enacted can be made governable, we can only ever expect temporary stabilizations of networks of power and inXuence (Rose and Miller 1992). The catchphrase with respect to the BSC’s organizational use is that it must be the ‘cornerstone of a new strategic management system’ (Kaplan and Norton 1996: 75). However, although diVerences were seen to exist, the essential nature of management accounting practice did not seem to vary substantially across industries or countries. Klammer 1972; Schall et al. Strategy and Structure. The second advantage is that because the contributions to the bonus pool are irrevocable, the principal has no incentive to not pay out the bonus pool in the way promised. 5.4.2 CONTINGENCY EFFECTS AND ECONOMIC VALUE MEASURES The lack of evidence on the superiority of economic value measures raises the issue as to whether economic value measures are best suited to different contextual settings. ), The Earthscan Reader in Business and Sustainable Development. Flexibility can take the form of customizing access to diVerent IT systems and reports, or of customizing analysis and commentary of reports to diVerent users: By giving users the choice of building up diVerent aggregations of performance information, management control systems might support highly diVerentiated, yet interrelated, mental maps of the organization that are speciWc to changing circumstances. But even without considering a transaction cost of implementing a new costing system, measurement cost of maintaining the system, or a boundedly rational human who cannot deal with very complex costing systems, more accuracy may not always be needed. A relatively new and promising channel for distribution is mobile entertainment, whereby consumers will be able to use the device of their choice to download Wlm clips no matter where they are. —— and Jacobsson, B. (2005). At the outbreak of the Civil War, therefore, decisive battle was an important concept in American strategy. In the former case, formal contract theory modelling of managerial accounting issues has provided important insights into the design and role of managerial accounting systems. It produced vehicles at 20 plants in 15 countries and marketed them in 110 countries through 200 distributorships and over 6,000 dealerships. (1990). It is to that issue we now turn. 310 ROBERTS This chapter is organized in three sections. This also requires the focal Wrm to change: if technology development is outsourced, the focal Wrms need to reduce ‘development’ expertise and insource ‘coordination’ expertise between diVerent technology suppliers. Simons (1987) is one of the Wrst examples of a ‘conventional’ survey of MCS and strategy. (1990), Bernardo et al. His research focuses on the practice of management control and performance evaluation. London: CIMA. It might be expected that these types of technologies would require flexible responses, high levels of open communication within the workforce, and systems to manage the interdependencies. 15 Changing times: management accounting research and practice from a UK perspective Robert W. Scapens 15.1 Introduction Recent years have witnessed signiWcant changes in both management accounting research and practice. ‘Overhead allocation via mathematical programming models’. 1999, 2001; Arya and Glover 2001; Arya et al. Knowledge as a bundled and ‘sticky’ resource is hard to reconcile with the transactional orientation underlying management accounting. Keat, R. and Urry, J. This is followed by an examination of diVerent performance measurement innovations and how their implementation may be aVected by context. Managers will thus be given a variety of operating performance measures by which their performance will be assessed and managed. He wondered if perhaps sea power had an inXuence on historical events far beyond the immediate impact of battles lost or won. Horngren, C. (1962). ‘Consequences of Individual Feedback on Behaviour in Organizations’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 64: 383–84. Information-intensive services such as web-based airline bookings and carrental reservation systems and Internet-based courier-tracking facilities are now commonplace. The right-hand side of Figure 18.1 shows how a motion picture moves into other markets. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Structurationist accounts highlight the moral, political, and interpretive dimensions of apparently neutral management accounting technologies. For example, if accountants become too close to the business, there could be a loss of the traditional governance aspect of accounting. Information is viewed as data interpreted into a meaningful framework. For ABC to be eVective in obtaining correct information, adequate allocation is necessary (Schaltegger and Muller 1998). The owner could write a new contract that would reduce the agency cost. . ‘The Costs of Activity-based Management’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 27(1/2): 99–120. Second, Olympus’ experience showed that products were launched on time more frequently. There may be several reasons for this, such as the concentration of researchers on top-level controls, the prevalence of many diVerent control practices at lower levels, and the unfamiliarity of accounting researchers with the types of non-accounting controls (including production line layout and physical inventory controls) that have gained increased importance at Wrst-line management levels. (1997). Porter (1995). These include environmental uncertainty, strategy, technology, organizational structure, and size. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. The former are attributed to joint environmental cost centres, such as waste-disposal systems. Once connectivity is established and the unit is operational, cost can be accumulated and pooled on the basis of that network. It may also be surprising that the person who put $1 billion into the CHC venture (actually, $1.65 billion in the real RCN situation) was the highly regarded investor, Paul Allen, who made billions in the Microsoft start-up. Kelly, K. (1998). It would take considerable time and resources on the part of Komatsu to bring them up to the same level of capabilities as Toyo Radiator. ‘The Average Hospital’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 30: 555–83. While each work in a variety of ways, whether mandatory or voluntary, whether regulated through the public or the private sector, they have one thing in common. the responsible cost centres). strategy 95–6 technology 96–7 and contract theory: use of stock prices 31–3 use of subjective information 33–7 and debates over 1–2, 92 and discovery of new measures 13–15 and distributed information processing 6–7 and eVectiveness of: economic value measures 100–102 integrated measures 108–10 non-Wnancial measures 103–6 and enabling control systems 9–10, 11 and evasion of 2 and health and social care: diYculties with 204, 210–12 functional focus of 208 as obstacle to innovation 208–9 organizational boundaries 208–9 outcomes vs formal commitments 204–7 and information technology 2 and innovations in 99, 110–11 appropriateness of 92–3 economic value measures 99–10 eVectiveness of 110–11 integrated measures 107–8 non-Wnancial measures 102–3, 204–5 as integrating framework 304 and interactive control systems 8–9 and limitations of information processing 7–8 and limits of 1 and management accounting practices 336 and management accounting research 345 and management control systems 3 and operational control systems 3–4 as organizational capability 8 and practice perspective on control systems 11–13 and role of calculation 7 and traditional basis of 92, 99 and web-based companies 89 performance prism 107 performance targets 5 Perrow, C 95, 96, 101, 245, 248 Peters, Tom 76 Pettigrew, A 184 Phillips, T 397, 398 Pike, R 150, 160 Pinch, T 61, 62 Pinches, G 152, 159 Pindyck, R 151 Pine, J 83 Pinsky, D 414 Pirates of the Caribbean (Wlm) 417–18 Pirsig, R M 284 Planck, Max 364 planning, and deWnition 42 Polanyi, M 319 Pollanen, R 299 Pollitt, C 207 Pondy, L R 49 Porter, Michael 76, 81, 82, 167, 184, 186, 246, 251, 356, 407, 410 positivism 47 post-auditing, and capital investments 159–61 Potter, G 228 Powell, P 52 Powell, W W 256 Power, M 207 practice: and communities of 322 and management control systems 11–13 and naturalistic frame 46–9 Prendegast, C 110 Preston, A 48, 49, 58, 59, 61, 62 price-based costing 76 pricing, and digital technology 76–8 Private Finance Initiative 202 process improvement, and internal integrated cost management 124–7 process ways of working (PWW), and ‘hybrid accountants’ 337–9 Producers Guild of America 414 product design: and consumers’ role 77 and internal integrated cost management 125–7 INDEX product diVerentiation, and diYculties with 82–3 product life cycle: and internal integrated cost management 123 and life cycle costing (LCC) 74 productivity, and naturalistic frame 47–8 project management 324 protection mechanisms, and buyer-supplier relationships 138–9 public services, see modernizing government programme public-private partnerships 201–2 quality: and digital technology 78–80 and strategy 251–2 quality costing 78 Quinn, J B 109 radical frame, and management accounting research 49–51 Radner, R 153 Rajan, M 155, 156 Ranganathan, J 393–4 Rappaport, A 99 rational planning, and strategic management accounting (SMA) 167 Ravid, S A 408, 409, 412 Raviv, A 155, 158 Rayport, J F 74, 79–80 real options, and capital budgeting 150–51 Reich, M C 390–11, 402 Reichelstein, S 155, 156 Reijnders, L 396, 397 Reitsberger, W D 247, 250, 273 relational capital: and intellectual capital 316, 319–20 and social network analysis 321 Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting (Kaplan and Johnson) 357 and responses to 332–4 Relevance Regained (Johnson) 357 reliance on accounting performance measures (RAPM) 298–9 repair, and enabling control systems 9–10 443 research, see management accounting research Research Assessment Exercises (RAEs) 350 resource sharing: and asset speciWcity 135 and strategic information sharing 135 resource-based theory (RBT): and contrast with transaction-cost economics (TCE) 310 and coordination 311 and core competences 311 and knowledge management 310–11 and knowledge production 309 and management accounting 322 and routines 311–12 responsibility accounting 291 Revelation Principle, and contract theory 27 revenue-sharing 319 Riccaboni, A 256–7 Richardson, B 167 Ridgway, V 1 Roberts, D J 167 Roberts, H 86, 317, 319, 320, 321 Roberts, J 10, 54, 55, 94, 250, 255–6, 274 Rogers, P G 395 Rose, N 199, 200, 201 Ross, S 153 Rotch, Bill 358 routines: and collective learning 314 and construction of competences 311–12 Rowan, B 52, 256 Salterio, S 108 Sami, H 398 Sandt, J 107 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (USA) 53, 152, 361, 363 scalable operations 88 Scapens, R 54, 255, 256, 321, 330, 333, 336, 337, 340, 344, 346, 348 Schall, L 149 Schaltegger, S 383, 386, 390, 391–392, 400, 402 SchiV, A D 106 Schlender, B 76 Schneider, D 85 Schneiderman, Arthur 14 444 INDEX Schoenberger, R J 270–71, 278 Schrader Bellows 221 Scott, T W 106 Scott, Thomas 178, 179 Screen Actors Guild 414 Screen Gems 410 Seal, W 278 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 397, 399 Sedatole, K L 85 selection studies, and context of performance measures 93–4 Selto, F 104, 107, 110, 258, 259 and balanced scorecard (BSC) 16 Semel, Terry 80 Senge, P M 308 Shank, J 42, 273, 356, 358, 359 Shapiro, C 70, 308 shareholder value 99 Shell, and Brent Spar oil rig 380, 382 Shields, M 93, 232, 341 and management accounting research 15–16 Shillinglaw, Gordon 355 Showtime 410, 420 Silk, S 108 Sim, K L 105 Simmonds, Kenneth 355 Simon & Schuster 410 Simons, R 3, 8, 38, 103, 110, 243, 247, 250–51, 252, 253, 257, 258, 259, 294, 299 Singh, H 135 Siti-Nabiha, A K 348 Sivaramakrishnan, K 218 Skandia navigator 107 SKG 410 Slagmulder, R 258, 278 Slywotzky, A J 77 Smith, C 172 Smith, D 254, 278 Smith, K 160 Smith, S P 409 Smith, V K 409 Snow, C C 81, 95, 246, 247, 251 Snyder, A V 99 Sochay, S 409 social care 200 and criticism of provision of 209–10 see also Health Act (1999) social network analysis (SNA) 320–21 and management accounting 321 Social Science Research Council (SSRC) 330–11 Socrates 174 Solomons, David 348 Sony Corporation of America 410 Sony Pictures Classics 410 Soonawalla, K 399, 402 Spulber, D F 85 stability, and bilateral commitment 136–7 Stalk, G 274 Stalker, G 95, 248 standard costing: and Foucauldian frame 59 and internal integrated cost management 123 and price-setting 76 Starz 420 Stern, J M 101 Stern Stewart & Co 99, 303, 358 Stewart, G B 99, 100 Stewart, T A 315 stock prices, and performance measures and compensation systems 31–3 Stone, J 181 Strack, R 316 strategic business units (SBUs): and business strategy 245–6 and corporate strategy 245 Strategic Cost Management (Shank and Govindarajan) 358 strategic cost management (SCM) 365–6 and activity-based costing (ABC) 357 and Comprehensive Home Communications (CHC) case study 366–79 and development of: failure of 362 future of 362–65 ‘glory decade’ (1990–2000) 357–9 origins 355–7 ‘unravelling of the pieces’ (2000–2005) 359–12 INDEX Strategic Finance (journal) 360 strategic information sharing, and resource sharing 135 strategic management accounting (SMA) 304 and deWnition 166 and environmental management 383 and management accounting practices 336 and need for external focus 166–7 and rational planning 167 strategic partnerships 85 strategic positioning 247 strategy: and balanced scorecard (BSC) 107, 252–3, 259, 294, 301 and budgetary control 294 and conventional analysis of 167 and deWnition 244 and digital technology 74–6 and emergence as subject area 356 and history of 167 American Civil War 177–9 ancient Greece 173–4 Carnegie (Andrew) 179 the decisive battle 175–6 implications of 183–6 importance of 168–9 Jomini 176 logistics 180, 181, 182 Mahan’s inXuence 179–10, 181–2 Napoleonic wars 175 post-Second World War 174, 181–3 von Clausewitz 175–6 and management control systems (MCS) 243–4 actor-network theory 254–5 business strategy 245–7 contingency approach to relationship 248–53 corporate strategy 244–5 institutional theory 256–7 naturalistic approach to relationship 253–4 positivist approach to relationship 257–9 research into relationship between 247–8, 259–10 445 structuration theory 255–6 and managerialism 172 and nature of 172–3 and necessity for 173 and organizational forms 82–3 and paradoxes of 186–7 and performance measurement 95–6 integrated measures 109 non-Wnancial measures 103 and real options 151 and structure 245 and typology of 246–7 structural capital, and intellectual capital 316 structural cost drivers 273–5 structuration theory, and strategy-MCS relationship 255–6 structurationist frame, and management accounting research 54–7 structure, and strategy 245 Sundance Film Festival 413 Superfund, and environmental regulation 396 supplier participation, and relational contexts 135–6 supply chains, and role of accounting 278–10 SustainAbility 383 sustainability management, and impact of NGOs 381–12 sustainable development 382–83 Symons, R T 104 ‘tableau de bord’ 107 Takeuchi, H 86 Tapscott, D 70–1, 82 target cost management 74, 77 and external integrated cost management programmes 130 functionality-price-quality trade-oVs 131 interorganizational cost investigations 132 and internal integrated cost management 118–19 Tayles, M E 218 Taylorism 74 team-based structures, and performance measurement 106 446 INDEX technological change: and impact of 69 and network eVects 69 technology: and challenges of 308 and lean manufacturing 285 and performance measurement 95–6 economic value measures 101 integrated measures 109 non-Wnancial measures 104 and programmes of government 200 television, and motion picture industry 420 Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (Wlm) 416 terror, war against 182–3, 185 Terry, J C 396, 397 Thayer, Sylvanius 170–71, 181 Thompson, G L 232 Thompson, J D 96, 167, 245, 248 Thrane, S 255, 281 Tiessen, P 106 Till, G 180 Time Warner 410 Tinker, A M 49 Tinker, T 50–1 Todd, R 383, 388–9, 391 Tokyo Motors 131, 142–3 Tomkins, C 46–7, 48, 278 Topel, R 110 Torok, R 294 total quality management (TQM) 92, 97, 104, 105, 271, 273 Touchstone Pictures 410 Toxic Release Inventory (USA) 396 Toyo Radiator 130, 132, 136, 138, 139, 141–2 transaction-cost economics (TCE), and the Wrm 310 transfer pricing 6 translation, and Latourian frame 61 transparency, and digital technology 87–9 TriStar Pictures 410 Truman, Harry S 182 Tsai, W 321 Tuomela, T S 252 Tyco Industries 361 Tyler, Daniel 170, 178 United Nations Expert Working Group on Environmental Management Accounting 386–7 United States General Accounting OYce 52 United States Military Academy (USMA), see West Point Urry, J 49 Uzzi, B 321 Vaivio, J 49, 284 value chain: and motion picture industry 411–12 and value chain management 291 and value of concept 407 value engineering 119 value-added accounting, and Foucauldian frame 58 value-added communities 85 van Creveld, M 169 van der Meer-Kooistra, J 254 van der Stede, W A 244, 245 Van Wassenhove, N L 86 Vanhoucke, M 232 variable costing 77 variable pricing 77–8 Varian, H R 70, 308 variance investigation, and contract theory 28–31 Verrecchia, R 232 Verschoor, A H 396, 397 vertical disintegration 85 vertical integration 84–5 Viacom, Inc 410 Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism 153 video industry, and motion picture industry 419 Vietnam War 182 Vives, X 228 Vollmann, T E 321 von Clausewitz, Carl 175–6 Vosselman, E 254, 278 Vulcan Management Company 378 Wallace, J S 100 Walls, W D 409 INDEX Wal-Mart 81 Ward, J 171, 177, 178, 179 Waste Management 361 Waterhouse, J H 111 Weigley, R F 176, 177–8 Weil, Sandy 361 Weinberg, C B 412 Weinstein, M 421 Welch, T E 395, 397 welfare state, and performance measurement 200 Wenger, E 312, 322 West Point 168, 181 and ‘calculability’ 171 as ‘disciplinary’ institution 170–71 and emergence of disciplinary power 169–10 as grammatocentric organization 171 and origins of managerialism 171 Westin, O 321 Whistler, George W 170, 171 Whitley, R 185 Whitman, Meg 89 Whittington, R 167, 185 Wildavsky, A 7, 292 Wilkinson, A 284 William Morris Agency 415 Williams, G 397, 398 Williamson, O E 135, 138, 184 Willmott, H 256, 275, 277, 284 Winter, S 312 Wolf, B 317 Womack, J P 118, 272, 277, 278 Woodward, J 96 World Business Council for Sustainable Development 383 World Com 361 World Economic Forum 383 world-class manufacturing, see lean manufacturing Wouters, M 278 Wyatt, J 409 Xie, J 102, 105 Yahoo 80 Yamey, B S 186 Yandle, B 396, 397 Yazdifar, H 335–6 Yokohama Corporation 130, 138, 142–3 Young, S M 104, 414 Zara 83 Zarowin, P 315 Zimmerman, J 218, 342, 360 447. Keith HOSKIN is Professor of strategy were discussed by Giddens and MASs Assurance of ethical behaviour accountants! Pool ; all machining costs instead of labour hours is used the supply in. Plan: next steps on Reform misaligned incentives resulting from imperfect information systems a... An increasingly important tool for managers and providing direct inputs into conformance-related quality costs must then adopt diVerent. But less so than for interorganizational cost management symposia was certainly an era of ‘ structuration ’. ) )! Capital at Skandia ’, Journal of accounting and Objectivity: the art academic analyses and Xexible will... Each contextual variable may suit a performance measure, while section 10.3 looks ‘! Which use sophisticated methods was due to informational impediments 163 alchian, A. H. Reijnders... Considerations noted above ) digitization is core to what many regard as the overhead allocation of,. 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Hanging Glass Succulent Terrarium, John Deere 6125r New Price, The Marc Walla Walla, Dan Eldon Art, Is Irish Beef Grass Fed, Buffet E11 Clarinet Bell,